Quick Review on Veterinary Parasitology

Vetnepal Review Note 2019-03-15

TERMINOLIGY

  • Acaricide: chemical substance having a cidal or lethal effect on the Acarida, a subclass of the athropods to which ticks and mites belong.
  • Anaemia: reduced number of erythrocytes or red blood cells often resulting by haemolysis due to the damaging action of intra erythrocytic parasites suchg as Plasmodium or Babesia
  • Anthroponoses: human diseases that can be transmitted to animals
  • Commensalism: when one symbiont, the commensal, benefits and the other animal is neither helped nor harmed
  • Epidemic: disease that affects a large number of humans and spreads rapidly
  • Epizoic: living on the surface; a skin parasite
  • Epizootic: disease that affects a large number of non-human animals and spreads rapidly
  • Euryxenous: broad host range
  • Heteroxenous: alternation of generations of a parasite
  • Infection (parasitic invasion resulting in injury and reaction to injury)
  • Latent: non-visible infection
  • Monoxenous: single host life cycle
  • Mutualism: each member, a mutalist, depends upon the other; oblilgatory or facultative
  • Parasitemia: parasites in blood
  • Parasitism: where one member, the parasite, lives in or on another organism, the host, at the expense of that organism)
  • Pathogenic: results in disease or morbid symptoms
  • Phoresis: "traveling together" or "to carry" A smaller organism, termed the phoront, is carried mechanically by a host
  • Predation: where one member, the predator, benefits and a smaller organism, the prey, is harmed; usually eaten Examples include coyotes and rabbits, cats and mice.
  • Premunition: resistance to superinfection; depends upon survival of parasites in host and disappears with their elimination
  • symbiosis: “Living together”: general term for all inter-species relationships where one species lives in an intimate association with another.
  • Vector: an agent and very often a biting insect that is responsible for the transmission of the disease.

SITE & SHAPE OF OOCYST OF COCCIDIA

  • Eimeria tenella =Caeca , Broad and ovoid
  • E. necatrix = Small intestine, Long, oval, thin wall
  • E. acervulina = Upper 3rd of Small intestine, Ovoid
  • E. maxima = Middle and post 1/3rd  Small intestine, Ovoid, bilayered, largest
  • E. burneti = Lower 1/3rd Small intestine, Oval
  • E. mevati = Upper Small intestine, Elliposidal
  • E. mitis = Anterior 1/2nd  of Small intestine, Subspherical
  • E. hagani = Anterior 1/2nd  of Small intestine, Oval

COMMON NAMES AND SYNONYMS OF PARASITES

  • Thelezia sp: Eye  worm,  Syngymus trachea: Trachial  worm
  • Dirofilaria immitus: Heart worm, Dicteocaulus sp: Lung worm
  • Dyctophyma rnale, Capleria plica: Kidney worm
  • Chabertia sp, Oesophagostomum sp, Ostertagia sp: Large Intestinal nematodes
  • Haemonchus sp, Ostertagia sp, Trichostrongylus axae: Abomasal nematodes
  • Neoscaris vitulorum, Toxocara vitulorum, Nematodirud sp,    Trochostrongylus sp, Cooperia sp, Bunostomum sp, Strongyloides sp: Small Intestinal nematodes